Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said on Thursday that economic development, social inclusion and environmental sustainability were all equally critical as components of sustainable development.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on his arrival at the Air Force Base Galeao at Rio de Janeiro on June 20, 2012
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said on Thursday that economic development, social inclusion and environmental sustainability were all equally critical as components of sustainable development.
"The task before us is to give practical shape and content to this architecture in a manner that allows each country to develop according to its own national priorities and circumstances," he said in his statement at the Plenary of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20 Summit) at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Dr Singh said that, for developing countries, inclusive growth and a rapid increase in per capita income levels were development imperatives.
"The 1992 Rio Summit correctly acknowledged that poverty eradication must remain the over-riding priority for developing countries. Those living at the subsistence level cannot bear the costs of adjustment and their livelihood considerations are important in determining how scarce natural resources such as land, water and forests are used. The severe deterioration of land and water resources is already affecting the well- being of millions of people living on the edges of subsistence, particularly women and children," he said.
He said that sustainable development also mandated the efficient use of available natural resources.
"We have to be much more frugal in the way we use natural resources. A key area of focus is energy. We have to promote, universal access to energy, while, at the same time, promoting energy efficiency and a shift to cleaner energy sources by addressing various technological, financial and institutional constraints. In India, we are implementing an ambitious National Solar Mission as a critical option for our energy security," he said.
Dr Singh said that, moreover, current consumption patterns in the industrialized world were unsustainable and there was need to find new pathways for sustainable living.
"Environmental sustainability is the third leg of the sustainable development architecture. Economic activity invariably results in negative spinoffs, either by way of local pollution, or by way of global effects such as Greenhouse Gas emissions. We need to tackle both," he said.
The Prime Minister said local pollution could be regulated and such regulation may impose costs on various economic actors. To ensure equity, there may be a case for targeted assistance to small producers to meet part of these costs and this should be built into policy, he said.
He said that, at the global level, the approach to the problem should be guided by equitable burden sharing.
"It is for this reason that the first Rio Summit enshrined the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. I am happy we have reaffirmed this principle as well as the principle of equity during this Summit," he said.
"This does not, however, mean that countries should not take proactive actions to promote sustainable development. In India, our efforts over the last two decades have yielded positive results. Over the period 1994-2007, our emissions-GDP intensity, excluding agriculture, has declined nearly 25%. Looking ahead, we have set a target to further reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 20-25% between 2005 and 2020," he said.
Dr Singh said many countries could do more if additional finance and technology were available. "Unfortunately, there is little evidence of support from the industrialised countries in these areas. The ongoing economic crisis has made matters worse," he said.
According to him, one of the key challenges that demands urgent global action is the worrying depletion of bio-diversity across our planet. "The Eleventh Conference of Parties on Convention on Biodiversity is being hosted by India in October this year at Hyderabad. We look forward to working with the global community to make it a success," he said.
Dr Singh said the summit was being held at a time of serious economic crisis and political ferment in the world.
"The Rio+20 Summit on Sustainable Development is timely because it focuses our minds on 'the future we want' and how to realize it. Difficult though it may seem, we have to summon the imagination to balance the costs that we will incur in the present with the benefits that will accrue to future generations," he said.
"The future we want should be a future in which there is ecological and economic space for sustainable growth for all. Let us work together to attain the future that we all desire," he added.
NNN
